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Objective:To study the effect of health management based on the transtheoretical model and stages of change on patients with diabetes mellitus complicated by obesity.Methods:A total of 122 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated by obesity and admitted to Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital between January 2019 and June 2020 were recruited to participate in the study. They were divided into two equal groups at random, the observation group and the control group —with 61 patients in each group. Both groups were subjected to individualized health management based on conventional drug treatment. The control group received routine health education and psychological support, while the observation group was subjected to the transtheoretical model and stages of change interventions for six months. The independent-samples t-test was used to compare blood glucose, body weight, and self-efficacy in the two groups after interventions, and the χ 2 test or Fisher′s precise test was used to compare behavior habit compliance rates in the two groups after interventions. Results:FBG with (6.27±0.92) mmol/L and (6.58±0.91) mmol/L, 2hPG with (8.53±1.39) mmol/L and (8.53±1.39) mmol/L, and HbA1c with (6.49±0.91)% and (6.78±0.96)% in the two groups were significantly lower at six months of interventions than those before ( P<0.05), but the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). BMI, waist circumference, and body fat rate with (30.46±2.51) kg/m 2, (91.72±10.45) cm, and (34.09±3.84)% of the observation group at six months of interventions were significantly lower than those before interventions ( P<0.05), whereas there were no significant changes in the control group before and after interventions ( P>0.05). The observation group′s BMI and body fat rate were lower than those of the control group ( P<0.05). The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) scores in the two groups were (31.62±2.59) points and (28.75±2.48) points, which were significantly higher than those before interventions ( P<0.05). The observation group′s GSES score was higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05). At six months of interventions, the compliance rates of diet control (92.98% and 77.97%), reasonable exercise (87.72% and 71.19%), adherence to medication (98.25% and 91.53%), quitting smoking and alcohol (94.74% and 81.36%), blood glucose monitoring (91.23% and 94.92%), and regular review (100.00% and 98.31%) were all significantly higher in the two groups than those before interventions ( P<0.05). Additionally, the compliance rates of diet control, reasonable exercise, and quitting smoking and alcohol in the observation group were higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The use of the transtheoretical model and stages of change for the self-management intervention of diabetes mellitus patients with obesity is beneficial to improve self-efficacy, behavioral habits, and weight control effectiveness.
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Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of relative lesion length in differentiating extrahepatic bile duct infiltrating cholangiocarcinoma with inflammation.Methods:From October 2014 to February 2018, 24 cases of infiltrating extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas confirmed operatively and pathologically and 23 cases of extrahepatic bile duct inflammation confirmed clinically from the Third People′s Hospital of Datong City were respectively enrolled in this study. Upper abdomen MR and/or CT image data of all patients were respectively reviewed. The extrahepatic duct wall was defined as wall thickening with obvious enhancement. The length of the lesion was measured. L lesion/L duct was referred as the ratio of the lengths of lesion to extrahepatic bile duct (common hepatic duct+common bile duct)was calculated. The difference in the average values of L lesion/L ductbetween the cholangiocarcinomas group and inflammation group was analyzed with t test, and the differential diagnostic efficacy of L lesion/L ductratio was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) test. Results:Significant difference was found in the length of lesion between the extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma group [(22.01±1.86) mm] and the cholangitis group [(47.36±2.81) mm] ( P<0.01). The average ratio of L lesion/L ductwere 0.26±0.02 for the cholangiocarcinomas group and 0.54±0.03 for the inflammation group, respectively ( P<0.01). The area under the ROC curve of L lesion/L duct in diagnosis of the infiltrating extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas was 0.92. With <0.40 as cut-off point, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 87.5% and 82.6%, respectively. Conclusion:The L lesion/L ductmight be taken as an important diagnostic sign in differentiation between infiltrating extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas and extrahepatic bile duct inflammation.
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Objective To investigate the effect of restrictive intravenous fluid on the complications and quality of life in the advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients.Methods Clinical data of Three hundred and fifty-seven cases with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma from Mar 2010 to Mar 2016 was retrospectively analyzed.One hundred and sixty-eight cases were recruited in the restrictive intravenous fluid (RIF) group,and One hundred and eighty-nine cases were involved in the control group.The average volume of intravenous fluid of each day,plasma albumin concentration,splanchnocoel hydrops rate,phlebitis,incidence of vomiting,cancer related pain degree,anxiety degree were compared in the two groups.Results The average volume of intravenous fluid of each day in the RIF group [(720.29 ± 106.84) ml] were much lower than that in the control group [(1 820.36±342.12)ml] (P ＜0.05).The plasma albumin concentration in the RIF group [(35.65 ± 2.21)g/L] were higher than that in the control group [(32.25 ±2.32)g/L] (P ＜0.05).The rate of splanchnocoel hydrops,phlebitis,vomiting,bedsores,and hypstatic pneumonia in RIF group were 6.25％,4.69％,8.59％,3.9％,11.72％ and those in the control group were 13.97％,10.92％,17.47％,10.04％,and 24.45％,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,the scores of cancer related pain and anxiety were much lower in the RIF group (5.21 ± 1.09,39.12 ± 5.54) than those in the control group(5.68 ± 1.18,41.56 ± 6.78) (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Restrictive intravenous fluid therapy can decrease the cancer associated complications and improved the quality of life in the advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
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Objective To investigate the effect of restrictive intravenous fluid on the complications and quality of life in the advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients.Methods Clinical data of Three hundred and fifty-seven cases with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma from Mar 2010 to Mar 2016 was retrospectively analyzed.One hundred and sixty-eight cases were recruited in the restrictive intravenous fluid (RIF) group,and One hundred and eighty-nine cases were involved in the control group.The average volume of intravenous fluid of each day,plasma albumin concentration,splanchnocoel hydrops rate,phlebitis,incidence of vomiting,cancer related pain degree,anxiety degree were compared in the two groups.Results The average volume of intravenous fluid of each day in the RIF group [(720.29 ± 106.84) ml] were much lower than that in the control group [(1 820.36±342.12)ml] (P ＜0.05).The plasma albumin concentration in the RIF group [(35.65 ± 2.21)g/L] were higher than that in the control group [(32.25 ±2.32)g/L] (P ＜0.05).The rate of splanchnocoel hydrops,phlebitis,vomiting,bedsores,and hypstatic pneumonia in RIF group were 6.25％,4.69％,8.59％,3.9％,11.72％ and those in the control group were 13.97％,10.92％,17.47％,10.04％,and 24.45％,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,the scores of cancer related pain and anxiety were much lower in the RIF group (5.21 ± 1.09,39.12 ± 5.54) than those in the control group(5.68 ± 1.18,41.56 ± 6.78) (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Restrictive intravenous fluid therapy can decrease the cancer associated complications and improved the quality of life in the advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
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AIM To investigate the protective effects of polysaccharides from Dendrobium nobile Lindl.on cerebra ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats and its possible mechanism of action.METHODS One hundred and five SD rats were divided into sham group,model group,Nimodipine group (10 mg/kg) and treatment groups with low-,medium-,and high dose (50,100,and 200 mg/kg) of polysaccharides from D.nobile.The right middle cerebral artery of rats was occluded by inserting a.thread through internal carotid artery for 2 h,and was sampled after reperfusion for 24 h.The rats received gavage once a day for 7 d before operation.Neurological deficits score,brain index,brain water content and infarct size in rats were conducted at the end of reperfusion;the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px),myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) of brain tissue and blood serum were measured by chemical colorimetry;the infiltration of neutrophile granulocyte in rat ischemic cortex were detected with immune-fluorescence staining.RESULTS Sham group had no neurological deficit,but the model group showed severe neurological deficits,meanwhile,the infarct size,brain index and brain water content rose markedly,the content of MDA and the activity of MPO of the brain tissue and the blood serum increased remarkably,while the activity of SOD and GSH-Px apparently decreased;compared with the model group,neurological deficits of rats were improved significantly in polysaccharides from D.nobile dose groups,moreover,the infarct size,brain index and brain water content markedly declined,the MDA level and the activity of MPO significantly decreased,but the activity of SOD,GSH-Px increased remarkably;the infiltration of neutrophile granulocyte in the high dose group significantly decreased compared with the model group.CONCLUSION Polysaccharides from D.nobile has some neuroprotective effects on local cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury,and that may be related to the remove of oxygen free radicals and the decrease in inflammation reaction.
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Objective To investigate the regulation mechanism of dendrobium nobile polysaccharides (DNP) for nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway in focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats.Methods According to the digital random method,90 SD rats were divided into 6 groups:sham operation,model,DNP low-dose (DL,50 mg/kg),moderate-dose (DM,100 mg/kg) and high-dose (DH,200 mg/kg),and nimodipine (10 mg/kg) groups (n =15 in each group),and according to the random number method,selecting 5 in each group for the corresponding index detection.A focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model in SD rats was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion.The improvement effect of DNP on rat neurological deficit (Bederson behavioral score) and brain water content,and infarct volume were observed.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-β (IL-1 β) in brain tissue.Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect microglial cell marker BCL-2-related protein A1 α (A1) and astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA transcription levels.Western blot was used to detect the NF-κB signaling pathway phosphorylated IκBα protein and nuclear p65 protein expression levels.Single factor variance analysis was used to compare the measurement data among the groups.Results (1) There were significant differences in the neurological deficit score,brain water content,cerebral infarction volume,brain tissue TNF-α and IL-1β levels,A 1 and GFAP mRNA transcription levels and phosphorylated IκBα protein and nuclear p65 protein levels among the 6 groups (F =22.24,8.699,33.89,19.26,27.53,109.5,15.28,66.86,and 41.63,respectively (all P ＜ 0.01).(2) The neurological deficit score,cerebral water content,and cerebral infarction volume in the model group were 2.8 ± 0.3,86.1 ±3.8％,and 31.0 ±4.5％,respectively.The TNF-α and IL-1β levels,A1 and GFAP m RNA transcription levels in brain tissue,and phosphorylated IκBα protein and nuclear p65 protein levels were increased significantly compared with those in the sham operation group.There were significant differences (all P ＜0.01).(3)The above indices in the DH group were 1.5 ± 0.5,72.9 ±5.4％,and 17.5 ±4.1％,respectively.Compared with the model group (including TNF-α and IL-1 β levels,A1 and GFAP mRNA transcription levels and phosphorylation of IκBα protein and nuclear p65 protein levels in brain tissue).There were significant differences (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the nimodipine group,there were no significant differences (all P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the sham operation group,except for there were no significant difference in brain water content,phosphorylated IκBα protein and nuclear p65 protein (P ＞0.05),there were significant differences in other indices (all P ＜ 0.05).(4) Compared with the model group,only IL-1 β and phosphorylated IκBα protein levels were decreased significantly in the DM group,there were no significant differences in other indices (all P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the sham operation group,there were significant differences in other indices (all P ＜ 0.05).(5) Compared with the model group,there were no significant differences in other indices in the DL group (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the sham operation group,there were significant differences in all indices (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Highdose DNP may reduce focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.The mechanism of may be associated with the inhibition of activation of early NF-κB signaling pathway.The effects of low-and moderate-dose DNP on reducing inflammatory brain damage of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion may be not obvious.
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Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant human pigment epithelium derived factor (rhPEDF)on in vitro proliferation of and expressions of interleukin 6(IL-6), IL-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)in cultured human HaCaT keratinocytes. Methods Some cultured HaCaT cells were treated with rhPEDF at various concentrations(25, 50, 100 μg/L)for different durations, and some treated with RPMI 1640 medium only served as the control group. Cell counting kit-8(CCK8)assay was performed to evaluate cell proliferation after 24-, 48- and 72-hour treatment, reverse transcription (RT)-PCR to measure the mRNA expressions of IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF in HaCaT cells after 24-hour treatment, and Western blot to detect the protein expressions of IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF in HaCaT cells after 48-hour treatment. Statistical analysis was carried out by two- and one-way analysis of variance, Student-Newman-Keuls(SNK)-q test and Pearson correlation analysis. Results After treatment with rhPEDF of 25-100 μg/L for 24 - 72 hours, the proliferation of HaCaT cells was significantly inhibited to different extents compared with the control group(all P 0.05). Conclusions rhPEDF can inhibit the proliferation of HaCaT cells, and down-regulate the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF.
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The surface morphology and histogenesis of small intestine of human embryos (from 6 to 36 weeks) were studied by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The results indicated that some low prominences began to form at 6 weeks of gestation and then transformed to round tuberculum, after that to polygonal column. The finger-like intestinal villi were formed finally at the end of 3 months. There was a apparent proximodistal gradient of the morphological maturation of villi and the histogenesis of intestine from duodenum, jejunum to ileum. Splitted and branched villi were found. From 18 weeks onward, the respective characteristics of villi in the three segments of small intestine appeared. Neutral mucus and sialomucus were mainly secreted by the goblet cells, while sulphomucus was secreted by the goblet cells of ileum during the late gestation. By 6-12 weeks the microvilli of duodenum were shorter than that of jejunum and ileum but they increased in height to 1.4?m at 18 weeks. The height of microvill at jejunum and ileum were 0.8-1.0?m from 14 weeks to 32 weeks. Tufts of thick and long microvilli among short microvilli were found. The formation of villi, secretion of goblet cells and microvilli was discussed.
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In this paper, the morphological development of periderm of the hands and feet of 21 human embryos were investigated. The estimated gestational age (EGA) of the collected specimens were 6-24 weeks.On 36th to 41st days of EGA, the cells of embryonic periderm were seen to be flat and polygonal in shape. Microvilli were seen on the cell surface. At the end of 7th week the cells showed conspicuous central elevations as cobblestones. After 11th week, a large single bleb occurring on the cell surface were observed. At 4th month, the number of the blebs increased and complex blebs were formed. Larger blebs showed infoldings and furrows. Then the blebs disappeared and the cell surface became flat again. The cells of periderm began to shed at 17th week.The development of periderm on the hands appeared earlier than that on the feet. The degree of the development of periderm in different regions of hands and feet may be different. The possible significance of the periderm was discussed.